Milk-separator.



No. 867,097. I PATENTED SEPT. 24, 1907.

' 0. BERGNER.

' MILK SBPARATOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 7, 1906.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 867,097. PATENT-ED SEPTL24, 190v.

c. BERGNER. v

- MILK SEPARATOR. APPLICATION FILED AUG- 7, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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U ITED sTA'rns rATENT OFFICE.

CARL BERGNER, 'OF SANDE, NEA it BERGEDORF, GERMANY.

' MILK-SEPARATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 24, 1997.

Application filed August 7, 1905. Serial No.273J36.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, CARL BERGNER, directorof the Bergedorfer Eisenwerk, of Sande, near Bergedorf, near Hamburg, inthe German Empire, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in andRelating to Milk- Separators and Similar Apparatus, of which thefollowing is a clear and distinct description. 7

In the case of all the older devices for introducing new milk intoseparator drums provided with conical plates no provision has originallybeen made for forcing the new milk to pass through the space between thedifferent plates. Consequently the was not distributed in a uniformmanner, the. greater part, if not all of it, flowing only into the lowerplates. I

4 Various remedies have been'proposed to overcome this defect. It hasbeen proposedyfor instance to cause the milk to flow out only finmacertain limited part of the central inlet pipe by providing the pipe, or

' chambers laterally extending therefrom, with longitudinal slits, or bynarrowing the central inlet pipe. In the case of pipes where theoutlet'slits were situated in the laterally extending chambers, thearrangement was at the sanrpime intended to cause the new' milk' to flowin a'compact mass through the girdle of cream which had formed aroundthe inlet pipe, and thus to prevent it from interfering with the cream.None of 3 these devices, however, effect a really satisfactory univ formdistribution of the milk between the various ',plates, while some evencomplicate the construction of the drum to suchan extent as, on the one,hand to in crease considerably the cost of the apparatus and, on

the other,.to render it difiicult toclear the pipe.

" ifln the apparatus, to which-this invention relates,

I chambers extending laterally from the circumference of the centralinlet pipe, and closed towards the outside,

are provided, and the milk is caused to flow, not into the central zone,but in the space lying within the creamzone towards the middle andbeing-free. from liquid. i

If a central inlet pipe is employed at all, it is best to place theoutlet slits in 0 11s of the walls of the laterally extending chambers,or at the angle formed by the wallof the chamber and the wall of thepipe. If situated in one of the walls of the chamber, the slits shouldbe placed in that one which is in front according to the direction ofrotation of the apparatus. By placing the slits in'the comparativelythin walls of the chambers,

orof the central inlet pipe close to the base of the chamher, it becomespossible to make the slits very narrow and to construct them in a verysimple manner. At

the same time it is rendered impossible for an unduly large quantity ofmilk to flow into the lower part of the apparatus, as the which passesthrough the central inlet pipe, settles vertlhally in the hollowlaterally ex tending chamber-sand passes, as soon as its level is in thesame plane as the slit arranged at the 'lhithend of the laterallyextending chamber over the outer edge of this slit and, flowing alongthe outer surface of the front of the chamber, into the neutral zone,that is to say, into the space where the separation of the milk intoskimmed milk and cream is about to be effected. Interference with thecream already separated cannot take place,;as 'no 'cream accumulates ontheexternal surface of the irontof'the chamber, on the contrary.

that place will be kept iree from liquid. This phenonienon is due 'tothe fact-that the particles'of cream which coming from thecircumferential zones, are forced towards the middle posses a greatervelocity in the direction of rotation than the planes towards whichtheyare urged, consequently they travel quicker than central pipe andthe milk been caused to flow'out through longitudinal-slits arranged inthe pipe between the inner chambers... .If this arrangement is adoptedthe new milk passes out not through a slit in the walls of the chamberbut through a slit arranged inthe central inlet pipe. It is obvious thatsuch adevice cannot insure a uniform distribution ofithe milk} Toenablealarger q ity of milk to pass through the upper portionoftheisliti should appear desirable runsobliquely, that is, -t hatitsnpper 2 end is situated somewhat morertowards the outside than itslower end,

instead of placing vertically, that is parallelto the axis of the pipe.7

The accompanying drawings show three different examples of constructingapparatus in accordance 5 with this invention and in-Which Figure 1 is alongitudinal and transverse section of the to do so, his only necessaryin, apparatus of the kind to I which this invention refers soto arrangethe slit thatit v p inlet pipe; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan; Figs. 3 and4 are horizontal sections; Fig. 5 ha longitudinal and transyer sesection of a modification; Fig. 6 is a sectional plan thereof; Fig. 7 isa view similar to Fig. 50f a modification; Fig. 8 is a sectional plan,and Fig.9 is a view similarto Fig.8. 5 1' Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and4 of the drawings, a denotes an inlet pipe mounted in the usual mannerupon a sediment collector b. The pipe is provided with laterallyprojecting chambers c which open into the central pipea and engage forthe purpose of holding plates d with recessesprovided therein as shownin Fig'. 2. In the i horizontal section shown in Fig. 2 the slit 1'bymeans of'wh'ich the new milk passes from the chamber 0 into the drumisarranged at the bottom of the laterallyex tending chamber in that wallof the chamber which forms its front in accordance with the direction ofrotation. ated exactly at the angle formed by the walls of the chamberand of the pipe, while in the section shown in Fig. 4 it is situated inthe wall of the central pipe close to the base of the chamber 0. Themode of operation is clearly visible from the vertical section shown inFig. l. The new milk, after entering the apparatus by means of thecentral inlet pipe, sinks to the bottom of the sediment; collector b, isforced by centrifugal force into the corners o and assumes the figure ofa paraboloid. (onsequent on the supply of fresh milk to the apparatusand the large number of revolutions, the surface of the milk in theapparatus becomes more and more vertically, that is to say, more nearlyparallel With the axis of the drum. The milk finally assumes theposition shown in Fig. l. the cylinder growing gradually towards theinterior, that is, in the direction of the aiis, of the drum until theinner surface of the milk becomes level with the peripheral entrance ofthe laterally projecting chambers. If more milk is supplied to theapparatus the chambers 0 will likewise become full until the surface ofthe milk will be in the same place as the slit i. As the surface of themilk has as already stated, by now become nearly vertical, that is,nearly parallel with the slit 1', it must flow uniformly over the edgeof the slit along its entire length if more milk is supplied to theapparatus. The milk, after passing through the slit, flows along theexterior surface of that slit of the chamher which according to thedirection of rotation forms its front, and passes beyond the inner rimof the plate d, into the neutral zone, that is to say, into that part ofthe drum Where the milk is about to be separated and, consequently isstill of nearly the same specific gravity as the new milk entering theneutral zone.

The method of operating the example of apparatus in accordance with theinvention shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is exactly the same as that ofoperating the apparatus just described, the difference between the twobeing entirely structural. Fig. 5 shows that the greater part of thecircumference of the central inlet pipe is provided with aperture ofsuch a character as to leave solid only a small part of the pipe 11adjacent to that part of the laterally projecting chamber which. isopposite to the direction of rotation. The milk flows in this case alsoover the peripheral edge of the open side of In the section shown inFig. 3 the slit 1' is situ.-

ment collector. of a the laterally extending chamber, and fills thelaterally extending chamber in the same manner, as in the case of theapparatus already described, whereupon it flows over the edge of theslit, that is to say of the aperture. As the milk passes only over theedge of the slit, the size of the aperture itself is of no consequence.

The example of apparatus illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, is a furthermodilication of the example of apparatus according to Fig. 5. ln thisinstance even the parts of the pipe a retained in that apparatus beingdispensed with and nothing being retained but some hollow columns withinthe drum which take the place of the laterally extending chambers of theapparatus already de scribed. As the central pipe, as already has beenstated, (loos not takc any part in distributing the milk it may, ofcourse be entirely omitted, without altering the character of theprocess. The hollow grooves or columns 1: which are mounted verticallyupon the sodiment collector b are kept in position relatively to eachother by means of a ring or the like, or as shown in Fig. 9 by means ofa shaft] with radially extending vanes. The last mentioned form ofconstruction is best adapted for centrifugal separators operated byhand, that is apparatus of no great height and without sedimentcollectors, in which the distribution of the milk takes place directly-from above. The milk flows directly from above into the hollow columns,filling them grat'lually. To enable the milk to flow over the front ofthe column, that is over the side which is in front according to thedirection of rotation, it is necessary for the front of the hollowcolumn to n; narrower than its rear.

Having now particularly described and ascertained thematurc of my saidinvention and in what manner the'isamc is to be performed I declare thatwhat I claim is:

A milk separator comprising in combination with n scdb series of hollowcolumns extending vertically from said collector, and u incmlwr providedwith radially extending vanes for connecting the columns to each other,the front of said columns being shorter than the rear thereof.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence oi twosuliscribiin: witnesses.

CARL BERGNER.

Witnesses Orro W. HELLMRTCH, ioi Cmus'r. HABERMANN.

